Nigeria Won’t Survive Another Civil War- Obasanjo Warns
Former President Olusegun Obasanjo on Wednesday warned that many of the factors that triggered Nigeria’s three-year civil war in 1967 are still with the country, stressing that every effort must be made to prevent a recurrence of such a conflict, which resulted in huge losses of lives and property.
Obasanjo made the remark while receiving a book, research materials, videos and interviews of eyewitnesses documenting the Asaba Massacre and related events, compiled by the Chairman of the Asaba Memorial Trust and the Asaba Image Branding and Project Committee, Chief Chuck Nduka-Eze, at the Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library, Abeokuta.
He described the prospect of another civil war as unthinkable, insisting that the country had already fought “one civil war too many.”
He said, “What went wrong in the past is essential to preventing a repeat. We must do everything humanly possible to prevent its recurrence.”
He called on Nigerians to collectively adopt a “never again” resolve against civil war.
“Some of the things that led to the Civil War are still with us. How long will this remain so?
“I was with a colleague when Gen Yakubu Gowon said that we would not survive a second civil war as a country.
I believe we have fought one civil war too many already.
“To say that we will have a second civil war, God forbid.
We must understand what happened, condemn what should not have happened, and do everything humanly possible to prevent its recurrence.
“And then, for us to be able to say, ‘never again,’ what are we going to do to make that possible?
“Thank you very much for making people know about it, for people to learn from it, and for people to take a vow that it should never happen again. I will do everything possible to ensure that there is never again a civil war in this country,” he said.
The former President hailed Nduka-Eze for the effort to preserve history, saying the importance of documenting the past lies in helping the nation understand its history, learn from it and ensure such tragedies never happen again.
He added that at the Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library, part of its value is to preserve the past, capture the present and inspire the future, while emphasising that understanding the events surrounding the civil war, including the Asaba massacre, remains critical for national healing.
“We pride ourselves that we preserve the past, we capture the present, and we inspire the future,” he said.
The former president, who acknowledged his role as a soldier during the civil war, said he could not provide detailed accounts of the Asaba incident, noting that operations in that area were under the command of the late former Head of State, Gen Murtala Mohammed.
Obasanjo recalled that towards the end of the war, he was given key responsibilities to ensure that no further massacres occurred, stressing that abuses by soldiers were not condoned.
He narrated an incident in which he personally intervened to stop a soldier from assaulting a civilian, underscoring the importance of leadership accountability during wartime.
He also noted that former Head of State, Gen Gowon, had publicly acknowledged and apologised for the excesses of the war, stating that, at the highest level, actions such as the Asaba massacre were neither ordered nor condoned.
The former president, who commended Nduka-Eze for the work, promised to study the transcripts and audiovisual materials.
“At OOPL, we pride ourselves that we preserve the past, we capture the present, and we inspire the future. We capture the past, and this is the past; we want to capture it; we want to know about it.
“I must confess, and you know that I was involved in the civil war. When people talk about the Asaba Massacre, I always confess that I cannot give details of it,” he said.
Obasanjo also narrated how he prevented a soldier from raping a woman in Asaba, saying such an act would have attracted vicarious liability on his part as a commander.
Obasanjo maintained that documenting and teaching the history of the civil war and the Asaba Massacre were vital for national unity, adding that he would do everything within his power to ensure Nigeria never experiences another civil war.
Providing insight into the work on the Asaba Massacre, Nduka-Eze described it as a substantial and carefully cross-referenced body of evidence, including eyewitness testimonies, recorded interviews, archival materials, audio-visual documentation and established historical scholarship.
He said that across independent sources, a clear and consistent account emerges of events following the entry of federal troops into Asaba, then a civilian population centre in the Mid-West Region.
“The evidence establishes a recurring pattern. Civilians were assembled in public places under conditions of fear and uncertainty. During these assemblies, residents were required to proclaim allegiance to the Nigerian state, including being instructed to declare ‘One Nigeria’ and otherwise demonstrate loyalty.
“In a setting where identity and suspicion had become dangerously intertwined, these acts were understood by those present as affirmations of belonging and safety. Men were then separated from women and children. Thereafter, unarmed male civilians were killed in a manner consistently described across multiple independent accounts.
“Compliance with these demands did not secure protection. The sequence, repeated across testimonies, reflects a tragic contradiction in which individuals who openly affirmed their identity and loyalty as Nigerians were nonetheless killed in the most undignified manner by the same Nigerian state to which they had pledged allegiance.
“This sequence is corroborated by testimonies, documentary materials and scholarly works, and remains materially unchallenged. While precise casualty figures cannot be definitively fixed, the convergence of credible evidence points to a substantial loss of civilian life, more than a thousand men, and a profound rupture in the fabric of the Asaba community,” he said.
Nduka-Eze added that deep-seated ethnic suspicion, unresolved grievances arising from Nigeria’s first military coup and the failure to enforce accountability were among the factors that culminated in the Asaba Massacre and the 1967 civil war.
According to him, ethnic mistrust did not begin with the war but had already become entrenched before independence.
He noted that many of the issues that led to the civil war remained unresolved, with ethnic groups still relating to one another with suspicion.
